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PLAIN
Easier to drive, ideal for general use.
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BARBED
Herringbone pattern increases holding power compared to plain.
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SPIRAL
Wood fibres wrap around the spirals for extra grip and pull out resistance.
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RING
The highest resistance to pull out, giving a strong hold in soft and medium density wood.
Note that the more holding power a shank type provides the greater the power needed to drive the nail into the wood.